Islands and Archipelagos

Islands and archipelagos represent distinct geological formations that significantly contribute to global biodiversity and human culture. An island is defined as a landmass surrounded by water, while an archipelago consists of a series of islands clustered together, often formed through volcanic activity or sediment deposition. Noteworthy examples include the Indonesian Archipelago, which contains over 17,000 islands, showcasing a rich tapestry of ecosystems and cultures. The geographical isolation of islands often leads to unique evolutionary paths, resulting in endemic species that cannot be found elsewhere, such as the Galápagos tortoise.